Case Study Ted Bundy - 1221 Words

Case Study: Ted Bundy Ted Bundy was born in Burlington, Vermont on November 24, 1946. He became his mother’s shame due to the fact he was conceived while she was unmarried and young. Eleanor Cowell, the mother of Ted Bundy had strict religious parents which put more pressure to the situation. Although there is not any information regarding the whereabouts of Ted’s father, Eleanor Cowell managed to deliver the child at a home for unmarried mothers. Eventually, she brought the child to her parents. Therefore, not to cause any more religion problems, Ted’s grandparents adopted him as their son and raised him believing his mother was his sister. Through time, the nuclear family moved to Tacoma, Washington, and formed a family after†¦show more content†¦Several women around the area of Seattle started going missing and spectators described him as a young, dark-haired man known as Ted without any further details nor information. In the fall of 1974, Ted Bundy moved to Utah, and women starting disappearing as well. Through the following year, Ted was pulled over by a cop, without information on why, the cup found out mask, handcuffs and other items which lead to his arrest. Afterwards, he started getting linked to several crimes. In 1975, he was arrested for kidnapping a young woman. Fortunately, she achieved to escape from Ted and got him arrested. Ted B. received a sentence of 15 years for kidnapping. Two years later, he decided to be his own lawyer for his case. Taking in countability, Ted never finishes law school due to skipping classes and moving from place to place. However, he was talented enough to act, speak and behave like one when it came to his case which made some people believe he knew what he was doing. Ted B. was good at pretending and being charming. One of the days driving toward the courthouse, Ted jumped out of the window to escape. Despite his attend of scape, Ted was captured eight days later. After a few years went by, in December of 1977, Ted managed to escape from his cell by making a hole through the ceiling. This gave him a head start since police didn’t notice he was gone for fifteenShow MoreRelatedTed Bundy Case Study2485 Words   |  10 PagesTheodore â€Å"TED† BUNDY CASE Theodore â€Å"Ted† Bundy, the serial killer that was born as Theodore Robert Cowell, on November 24, 1946 killed between 1973 and 1978. He escaped from county jail two times before his last apprehension in February 1978. After so many years of so many denials, he eventually confessed to over thirty murders. Even though the actual number of murder victims is not known. It is estimated that the range of victims is from twenty-six to hundred. The wide-ranging estimate is thirty-fiveRead MoreCase Case Study : Ted Bundy1873 Words   |  8 PagesI decided to conduct my case study on Ted Bundy because his story and crimes always fascinated me and I wanted to attain a comprehensive understanding of what motivated him commit such horrific acts. Ted spent his early childhood growing up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with his mother and maternal grandparents where Bundy was raised to believe his mother was his sibling and his grandparents were his parents. When Ted discovered Louise de ceived him about his parentage, he developed a strained relationshipRead MoreCase Study Analysis of Ted Bundy1041 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿A Case Study Analysis of Ted Bundy Introduction A personality disorder can be described as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is extremely inflexible, deviates markedly from the expectations of a persons culture, and causes personal distress or behavioral impairment (Bernstein, Nietzel, McCauley Foust, 1997). Such patterns of problems in the personality of an individual can be traced to adolescence or even childhood. People who have been diagnosed with personalityRead MoreCase Study: Ted Bundy Essay2279 Words   |  10 Pages Theodore Robert Bundy was born Theodore Robert Cowell on November 24, 1949.His mother, Louise Cowell was unmarried at the time, and the name of his biological father has never been determined with certainty, however Lloyd Marshall was named on his birth certificate. Louise moved into her parent’s home shortly after Ted’s birth and allowed him to be raised as her ‘brother’ for quite some time. When Ted’s mother married Johnnie Culpepper Bundy in May 1 951 in Tacoma, Washington, when Theodore was fourRead MoreThe Case Study of Ted Bundy1365 Words   |  6 PagesTed Bundy Introduction Ted Bundy was one of the most vicious and notorious serial killers in United States history. His success in finding and slaughtering his prey was often due to his meticulous planning and preparation. In other moments he simply seized upon the opportunity to charm a woman he met without any prior planning and lured her to a place where he could kill her. He killed as many as 36 women, although authorities suggest that there may have been more victims than that. Was Bundy aRead MoreTed Bundy : The Most Notorious Criminals Of The 20th Century1716 Words   |  7 Pages Ted Bundy Ted Bundy is considered as one of the America’s most notorious criminals of the 20th century. He confessed to around 28 murders, but thought to be responsible for hundreds of deaths. He escaped custody killing at least three people, two college students and a twelve year old, before he was caught again and executed. While Ted Bundy is known for his charm, and many people believe he is a striking and intelligent man, he has a very troubled past; Bundy is remembered as a notorious serialRead MoreTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer1415 Words   |  6 PagesTed Bundy: Unlikely Serial Killer Americans were shocked in the 1970s when authorities began reporting a string of disappearances of young women from Washington, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Florida and Oregon. The man behind these crimes was Theodore (Ted) Bundy. Many people still consider him to be one of the most notorious serial killers of all time and was once one of the FBI’s most wanted. He was officially tied to 36 murders, however he is believed to have committed more than one hundred. TheRead MorePsychology of Serial Killers1430 Words   |  6 PagesWe serial killers are your sons, we are your husbands we are everywhere. And there will be more of your children dead tomorrow. Theodore Robert Bundy In the past decade, Americans and researchers have given more and more of their attention to serial killers. The United States alone has contributed about 85% of the worlds serial killers. It has been said that they come in many different forms. Society has many words for serial killers. Holmes and DeBurger define serial murders as consistingRead MoreTed Bundy s Influence On The Family1591 Words   |  7 PagesTed Bundy was born on November 24, 1946 in Burlington, Vermont, bringing much disgrace to his mother and family. Bundy was born out of wed lock, his mother Eleanor Louis Cowell was twenty-two and was raised in an overly religious household. Cowell moved back home to Philadelphia with her parents to raise her new son. To hide the fact that he was an illegitimate child, Bundy was raised to believe his grandparents were his parents and his mother was his sister. They moved soon thereafter to TacomaRead MoreBiography Of Theodore Bundy Born Theodore1561 Words   |  7 PagesT heodore Bundy born Theodore Robert Cowell was born in Burlington, Vermont to Eleanor Cowell. He was born on November 24, 1946. She had him when she was still a teeneager and so Ted was raised believing that she was his sister. His birth father is somewhat confusing on his birth certificate it has Lloyd Marshall but investigators believe that his real father s name was Jack Worthington. Ted’s mother married Johnnie Bundy who eventually adopted Ted as his son. Ted Bundy became interested in knives

What is a Homosexual - 1018 Words

Andrew Sullivan, author of, What is a Homosexual, portrays his experience growing up; trapped in his own identity. He paints a detailed portrait of the hardships caused by being homosexual. He explains the struggle of self-concealment, and how doing so is vital for social acceptation. The ability to hide one’s true feelings make it easier to be â€Å"invisible† as Sullivan puts it. â€Å"The experience of growing up profoundly different in emotional and psychological makeup inevitably alters a person’s self-perception.†(Sullivan)This statement marks one of the many reasons for this concealment. The main idea of this passage is to reflect on those hardships, and too understand true self-conscious difference. Being different can cause identity†¦show more content†¦This term is based on the assumption that we as a whole understand differences in color, race, and sexuality. However, this portrays the idea that we truly understand homosexuality; in rea lity we have not. The more this term is analyzed the more society will stamp homosexuals for being â€Å"diverse†. Which they would like to few equal. Sullivan explains, â€Å"But as obsession with diversity intensifies, the possibility of real difference alarms and terrifies all the more. They are marginalized as â€Å"stereotypes†Ã¢â‚¬ . This fact demonstrates how homosexuality will be considered different no matter what day in age. Sullivan speaks of a homosexuals’ desire to cover-up. His own personal feel of emotional rejection fuels his attempts to do things that gave the perception of what he was not. â€Å"So I decided, consciously or subconsciously, to construct a trajectory of my life that would remove me from their company; give me an excuse, provide a dignified way out† (Sullivan). His â€Å"dignified way out† included creative writing, and theatre. He also goes into detail of how some of his fellow classmates would cover up by joi ning sport teams, attempting to make themselves fit the norm. This way he gained respect while still being self-consciously different. More examples of this kind of stereotyped discrimination is thought out in Brent Staples â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†. He starts off with a story of the typical discomforting energy he feels when trailing a whiteShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"the Sodomite Had Been a Temporary Aberration; the Homosexual Was Now Species.† Explain What Foucault Means by This Remark with Reference to the Nineteenth Century Process He Calls â€Å"the Medicalisation of the Sexually Peculiar†.2171 Words   |  9 Pagestemporary aberration; the homosexual was now species.† Explain what Foucault means by this remark with reference to the nineteenth century process he calls â€Å"the medicalisation of the sexually peculiar†. At the heart of the statement and references contained in the title are illustrations of how power is expressed through normative discourse in Western capitalist society. The process of how an act once termed ‘sodomy’ became transformed into the term ‘homosexual’ is fundamental to the natureRead More Gay Marriage Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesequal rights for homosexuals. They will all agree that homosexuals should have the same rights in housing, jobs, public accommodations, and should have equal access to government benefits, equal protection of the law, and other rights granted to US citizens. However, when the topic of marriage arises, all the talk of equality ceases. Over fifty percent of all people in the United States oppose homosexual marriage, despite the fact that most are otherwise supportive of homosexual rights. This meansRead MoreThe Rise Of Adolf Hitler And The National Socialist German Workers Party1511 Words   |  7 PagesSocialist German Workers Party (the Nazi Party) in Germany, homosexuals, were one of the various groups targeted by the Nazis and were ultimately among the Holocaust victims. Commencing in the early rule of Hitler, homosexual organizations were expelled, scholarly books about homosexuality, and sexuality in general, were destroyed, and homosexuals within the Nazi Party itself were detained or executed. The Gestapo assembled lists of homosexuals in Germany, who were obliged to sexually obey or conformRead MoreThe Issue Of The Homosexual Movement966 Words   |  4 Pagesor the redefinition of marriage, homosexual interests have come to characterize America. That’s an indication of the success of the homosexual agenda. And some Christians, including some national church leaders, have wavered on the issue even recently. But sadly, when people refuse to acknowledge the sinfulness of homosexuality—calling evil good and good evil (Isa 5:20)—they do so at the expense of many souls. How should you respond to the success of the homosexual movement? Should you accept theRead MoreGay Couples Adopting1042 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuals must be allowed to adopt children just like any other couple who want to do the same thing. A child needs love, respect and a home in which they can assure themselves that there will be someone there to care for them. As in the example, there is no need for a dad and a mom who will always be arguing about the shared custody. Just because their parents are homosexuals does not mean that the child will grow up to be the same. Everyone is different and will grow up to be what they want toRead MoreArguments for Legalizing Gay Marriages Essays719 Words   |  3 PagesHomosexual Marriage Since 1971 when the first same sex couple Richard John Baker and James Michael McConnell applied for a marriage license and were denied in the Baker vs. Nelson ruling, America has been forced to debate whether homosexuals should be allowed to be married even though they are not the classical definition of a couple. There are many opinions about this subject from government officials, religious leaders and even the president of the United States. Homosexuals should be allowedRead MoreGeorge Chauncey s Gay New York Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pagesinvisibility and internalization. The homosexual community is considered a subculture to the heterosexual community, which identifies as the dominant culture. George Chauncey wants to know why the dominant heterosexual culture often misinterprets the heterosexual subculture. He also talks about the assumptions the dominant culture carries about sexuality and culture. I believe there are two reasons the dominant culture misinterprets and make assumptions about the homosexual community; these two reasons consistRead MoreGay Marriage: May Anyone Marry Whom They Choose?987 Words   |  4 Pagesceremonies, etc† (marriage). Parents have the role to raise their children in love and teach them good values. â€Å"They note that violence among homosexual partners is two to three times more common than among married heterosexual couples, and homosexual partnerships are significantly more prone to dissolution than heterosexual marriages, with the average homosexual relationship lasting only two to three years† (Diggs). Children have the right to grow up in a home where there is no abuse taking place, andRead More Nurture and Nature - Influence of Parents on Childrens Sexual Orientation754 Words   |  4 Pageschildren of homosexual parents to be homosexual themselves (Bailey 125).   This popular belief has affected many child custody decisions because of the possibility of the parents molesting the children, or the possibility of the children becoming homosexual themselves.   Even if the children becoming homosexual is a possibility, why deny custody to a parent based on his or her sexuality?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The question has been raised on what can and what cant make a child homosexual.   SomeRead MoreVisual Communication : Homosexuality And Realism1633 Words   |  7 Pagessexuality 15 (DON’T USE FOOTNOTES!). Homosexual males are often referred to as ‘gay’ while homosexual females are referred to as ‘lesbian’ 15 (DON’T USE FOOTNOTES!). Homosexuality is a topic that causes a lot of conflict and discussion, due to opposing views on whether is it ‘right’ or ‘wrong’. This article will discuss the various views surrounding homosexuals, the stereotypes they face and how these views have been constructed and how the representation of homosexuals has changed from the past to the

Critique of the Cultural Imperialism Theory free essay sample

?Abstract This paper stands to critique the Cultural Imperialism Theory. The paper further looks at both the negative and the positive effects of Cultural Imperialism. The cultural imperialism theory sets to shape the concept of cultural imperialism itself. It concludes that, though the western world is eroding the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on some safety belt in safeguarding our heritage. Keywords: culture, imperialism, media imperialism, cultural imperialism Introduction A man’s pride lies in his confidence and his personality is greatly nurtured by his culture. Culture is the characteristic of a particular group of people, defined by things such as language, religion, social habits, music and arts that are passed from one generation to the other; it can also be the tradition of the people (Zimmermann, 2012). According to the New Oxford Dictionary, culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concept of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquire by a group of people in the course of generations through individual land group striving. Imperialism as defined by the Dictionary of Human Geography, is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination. According to Downing, Mohammadi, and Sreberny-Mohammadi (1995), Imperialism is the conquest and control of one country by a more powerful one. According to Boyd-Barrett (1977 p. 117): Media imperialism is the process whereby the ownership, structure, distribution, or content of the media in any country are singly or together subject to substantial external pressures from the media interests of any other country or countries, without proportionate reciprocation of influence by the country so affected Ogan (1988) also states that, Media imperialism is often described as a process whereby the United States and Western Europe produce most of the media products, make the first profits from domestic sales, and then market the products in Third World countries at costs considerably lower than those the countries would have to bear to produce similar products at home. Cultural imperialism is the cultural aspects of imperialism. It can be seen as the cultural legacy of colonialism, or forms of social action contributing to the continuation of western culture. Cultural imperialism theory gained prominence in the 1970s. It explains the media situation as it existed at that time. The nature of media (electronic and print media), at that time, promoted a one-way, top-down transmission system from dominant country to dominated country that theoretically gave rise to a passive audience and a powerful media (Senupta and Frith, 1997 cited in White, 2001 and Ekeanyanwu 2012, p. 38). Therefore, cultural imperialism is the subjugation of a local culture and the imposition of an alien culture on the local culture (Ekeanyanwu, 2005:29). According to Schiller (1976): The concept of cultural imperialism today best describes the sum of the processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating center of the system. The public media are the foremost example of operating enterprises that are used in the penetrative process. For penetration on a significant scale the media themselves must be captured by the dominating/penetrating power. This occurs largely through the commercialization of broadcasting. (The press invariably is commercial at the outset). Positive and negative Influences of Cultural Imperialism on the Third World Nations Human beings learn new things through their five senses, and prominent among them are sight and hearing. Hence, people learn new things from the television and radio, especially from news reports and stories. They imitate what they read in books, magazines and newspapers about other countries that they think are more developed than them. It is important to note that no person or group of people or even a country can live alone without others. The mass media, as a major carrier of culture, help in so many ways in supplying the cultural shapes and vice versa in all developing countries. In the real sense of it, Cultural Imperialism has influenced the third world nations both positively and negatively. Cultural imperialism has led to the increase the pace of development in Nigeria and other less developed countries. Many good ideas and methods copied from developed countries like England, France and the USA have helped in no small measure to improve Nigeria in areas like education, health, housing, style of living, agriculture, trade and industries, systems of government and technology (Chrissey, 2008). These are the positive effects of cultural imperialism or interaction between Nigeria and the western countries but let’s not get carried away because it did more harm than good. Just as we are quick in copying the good things in foreign and developed countries, we are also tend, to be quick in picking up some habits which have led to a shift in our cultural orientation. Over-exposure to foreign culture has led to a shift in the cultural and religious organizations of Nigeria. Many programmes aired in Nigeria are foreign and their impact on the youth is that it has bred anti-social behaviors and negative values on the Nigerian youth. As a result of this influence, many Nigerians, mostly the youths, now dress, talk, eat and even behave like foreigners. Some adult females try to look like the whites by bleaching their skins. The way and manner in which foreign films, materials, and media contents influence our modes of dressing, behavior, dancing and general physical appearance is alarming, which if left unchecked could result to turning our nation into a cultureless society (Chrissey 2008). Limitations of cultural imperialism Theory This is evident in the countless definitions that have been offered by different critical theorists. The theory lacks precise definitions. The lack of conceptual precision or consensus has been a major obstacle to the development of a precise theory to inform research on cultural imperialism (Fejes, 1981; Lee, 1988). Sui-Nam Lee (1988) analyzed various terms relating to cultural imperialism, criticizing the theory for not being specific. But he did not help in making it any more specific as he proposes the use of yet another term communication imperialism complicating the notion of cultural imperialism. Uche (1996) draws clear and distinct lines between cultural imperialism, cultural synchronization and cultural juxtaposition. He argues that what most person call cultural imperialism may actually be regarded as cultural synchronization. According to him, cultural imperialism means external culture that is imposed upon another culture against their will. Cultural synchronization means an external culture that is welcomed and imitated by another culture which the external eventually supersedes in an evolutionary fashion. Cultural juxtaposition means the placing together of locally produced cultural elements with the externally produced (or as the opposition and coexistence) of distinct types of cultural productivity within late capitalism. This cultural imperialism theory totally goes against the uses and gratification model, which righty presumes an active media audience that are able to process and interpret media messages or stimuli from their individual socio-cultural experiences and backgrounds. It also builds on mass society and the magic bullet submissions which have long been discredited in media practice and scholarship (Ekeanyanwu 2001, p 41- 42). James Ettema, D. Charles Whitney, also suggested in their studies of the media that audiences make conscious choices concerning what they listen to, read, and watch. Defense for the Cultural Imperialism Theory One cannot merely degrade cultural imperialism because of a lack of definitive precision. One must recognize and accept cultural imperialism for what it is a critical theory; and as Litttlejohn (1999) argues critical theories consist of a loose confederation of ideas held together by a common interest in the quality of communication and human life (p. 15). Critical theories therefore operate at a macro-level, although less specific, rather than at the micro-level. Cultural imperialism focuses on broader, less explicit issues of culture, transnational media and political economy while active audience theory focuses on the individual audience members. One will note that this is one of the basic premises of the argument that cultural imperialists have used in defending the theory. Schiller, in response to active audience proponents, has contended that these researchers are basically trying to apply cultural imperialism to the micro-level or individual audience members and the theory does not attempt to explain this. Instead, the theory is designed for application to macro-level situations such as the flow of information between countries. A Reflection on the Cultural Imperialism Theory The author of this paper is of the opinion that cultural imperialism no longer exist. Cultural imperialism, according to Ekeanyanwu (2005), is the subjugation of a local culture and the imposition of an alien culture on the local culture. Initially, this could have been the order of the day but now it is more of cultural synchronization. According to Uche (1996), cultural synchronization means an external culture that is welcomed and imitated by another culture which the external eventually supersedes. From general observation we willingly accepted the Western way of life. Although, it took over our own culture because of our negligence, it still does not change the fact that we have imbibed it into our own culture. Furthermore, the author is also of the opinion that if developing countries like Nigeria, were still under the rule of the Westerners, it would be more developed than the stage it is now. It might not be called a developed nation but would be striving to get to that stage of development. Conclusion The very awareness of the presence of cultural imperialism serves to diminish its impact. Since we are aware of the negative influence and effects of cultural imperialism amongst us, our minds should be at alert in order to diminish its impact on us. The solution lies in the acceptance of our own culture. Let us learn to be proud of our own culture as we have no other place to call our own, but Africa.

Roles and Responsibilities of Employee-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.In examining a performance management process, student provides a thorough and detailed explanation of employee's role and responsibilities are in working collaboratively with his/her direct supervisor to develop short- and long-term objectives in the plan. Explanation is supported by at least one relevant, scholarly source from course articles or updated research and at least one experiential example from current events or own experience. 2.Student provides a thorough and detailed explanation of who should be responsible for ensuring objectives are met and who has accountability for ensuring that measurable objectives are developed and met. Explanation is supported by at least one relevant, scholarly source from course articles or updated research and at least one experiential example from current events or own experience. Answers: 1.In the organizations, employees have some specific roles and responsibilities in collaboratively working with the supervisors for the development of short-term as well long-term objectives in the plan. It needs to be mentioned that it is the responsibility of employees in actively involving in various initiatives taken by the direct supervisor (Aguinis, 2013). It can be seen that the supervisors organize sessions of eliciting the success stories of the organizations. In this process, when asked, it is required for the employees to state any situation where they felt their best in the work and full of life. In this process, the employees are required to be very specific while describing the incidents so that it becomes easy for the supervisors to develop short as well as long-term objectives for them (Shields et al., 2015). After that, the supervisors of the companies organize sessions to know the facts contribute to the success of the employees. Thus, it is the responsibility of th e employees to take active part in this session by stating their major areas of strengths and weaknesses so that the supervisors can develop strategy accordingly. With the active contribution to this program by the employees, the supervisors become aware about the factors led to the success of the employees along with the organizations (Aguinis, 2013). Thus, from the above discussion, it can be observed that the it is required for the employees to continuously interact with their direct supervisors. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that it is also the responsibility of the supervisors to support the employees so that they become able to express themselves in an effective manner (Anitha, 2014). 2.The above discussion sheds light on the roles and responsibilities of the employees in the development of long-term as well short-term objectives in the objectives. After that, it is required to achieve these objectives. In this process, it is the responsibility of both the employees and the supervisors to meet the objectives for the development of plan as both the employees and the supervisors have almost equal contribution towards this (Decramer, Smolders Vanderstraeten, 2013). It is the responsibility of the supervisors to develop different kinds of strategies for the achievements of the developed objectives. At the same time, it is required for the supervisors to motivate the employees towards achieving the objectives. At the same time, it is also required for the employees to respond to their supervisors for the effective achievement of the objectives (Aguinis, 2013). It is needed for the employees to follow the developed strategies by the supervisors. Thus, it can be seen th at the contribution from both the employees and the supervisors is required to meet the objectives. However, it needs to be mentioned that the supervisors are solely responsible for measuring whether the objectives are met or not. In this process, the supervisors implement different types of strategies like 360 Degree Feedback and many others (Cascio, 2018). Thus, it can be seen that the supervisors are responsible for the evaluation of the objectives References Aguinis, H. (2013). Performance management (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Chapter 8, Performance Management and Employee Development Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management,63(3), 308. Cascio, W. (2018).Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Decramer, A., Smolders, C., Vanderstraeten, A. (2013). Employee performance management culture and system features in higher education: relationship with employee performance management satisfaction.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(2), 352-371. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.

The Rampart Scandle free essay sample

The Rampart Scandal is about a widespread corruption in the community resources against street hoodlums or better known as â€Å"CRASH† anti-gain unit of the LAPD Rampart division in the late 1990s. More than 70 police officers in the CRASH unit were implicated in misconduct, making it one of the worst cases of documented police misconduct in US history. The convicted offenses include unprovoked shootings, unprovoked beatings, planting of evidence, framing of suspects, steeling and dealing narcotics, bank robbery, perjury, and covering up evidence of these activities.The Rampart Scandal is well known in pop culture because at least 3 rampart police were found to be on the pay roll of hip hop mogul Suge knight of death roll records, a convicted felon with known ties to the bloods gang. Detective testimony and a wrongful death law suit filed on April 16, 2007 holds Rampart CRASH officers responsible for the 1997 drive by murder of multi-platinum selling hi hop recording artist Notorious B. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rampart Scandle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I. G. During the time line of this scandal there was a long list of officers and cases that are well known to America.At the top of this list was officer David Mack a member of the bloods and ties with death roll records. On November 6,1997 722,000 dollars was stolen in an armed robbery of Los Angeles branch of Bank Of America. David went into the bank asking security to get into his safety deposit box. He was involved with a women by the name Errolyn Romero, who was an Ass. Manager at the bank. Romero buzzed him through the first gate, then lest her window and unlocked a second security door that opened into the vault area.Mack then pushed Romero to the floor, opened his suit jacket to reveal a semiautomatic pistol hanging from a shoulder strap, pointing it at two woman counting the money and threatened them. By the time Mack and his accomplices dump there white van a half mile away, they had pulled off one of the largest heis in Los Angeles history. One month later his girlfriend confess to her role in the crime and implicated her boyfriend, David Mack as the master mind.Mack was found guilty and sentenced to 14 years in federal prison. Mack was one of many officers that didnt cooperate with police after getting caught. He was never revealed the were abouts of the money, bragging to fellow inmates that he would be a millionaire by the time he is released Based on the statements of the admitted corrupt cop Perez, implicated over 70 officers of wrong doing. Of those officers, only enough evidence was found to bring 58 before an internal administrative board.Only 24 were actually found to have committed any wrongdoing, with 12 given suspensions of various lengths, 7 resigned, and 5 fired. Because of this, 106 prior criminal convictions were over turned. This Scandal resulted in more than 140 civil law suits against the city of Los Angeles, causing the city an estimated 155 million in settlements. As of 2011 the fulled extent of Rampart corruption is not known, with several rape, murder and robbery investigations involving Rampart police remaining unsolved.

History Coursework- Propaganda in World War One Essay Example

History Coursework History Coursework- Propaganda in World War One   Essay History Coursework- Propaganda in World War One   Essay Essay Topic: Back in the World Stories Brave New World Q1. How effective were the methods of Propaganda used in the First World War in winning continued support for the war effort?It was the job of the War Propaganda Bureau to use the motivational power of propaganda to positively influence the public opinion about the war.One of the most wide reaching methods used by this organisation was the press. Since there was no easy method of mass communication at this time, apart from the newspapers, the power of the written word became even greater during the war years. Though, after the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) was passed in 1916, the government had the power to censor information that was to be given to the public, which gave them the ability to hide the more dreadful realities of war. The newspapers themselves had a big role to play in this censorship- their cynicism lead to the realisation that war atrocity stories would not sell, so instead they published glamorous stories of the British heroes. This combination of censorship with m orale boosting worked very well on the home front; the censored accounts of battle and the portrayal of war life as almost a holiday encouraged men to join up with slogans like,BRITONS Join your countrys army!God save the KingThis patriotic propaganda was mainly aimed at the population at home. It aimed to boost public morale, but whether it helped to sway neutral individuals into supporting the war is questionable. From another angle, the press only had a limited efficacy; the fact that in the front line trenches the stories of epic fighting were held up to ridicule by troops, showed that not everyone was influenced by the media.Another method in which censorship helped the war effort was that it concealed the embarrassing British failures from the public. The loss of the battleship Audacious off Ireland in 1914, for example, was not reported in Britain in an attempt to maintain public confidence.Pro-war propaganda infiltrated almost every area of life, including films, books, spee ches and even poetry. These varied methods all helped to convince the individual that the British cause was a good one. For example, The Old Front Line, a bland account of the Battle of the Somme, sold 20 thousand copies in Britain, which meant that the public hugely underestimated this horrific battle. The film industry also contributed to propaganda on the home front- For The Empire was a massive success, as many as 9 million people are thought to have seen it by the end of 1916. There were also films encouraging women to volunteer for the land-army, and to work in munitions factories etc. Speeches made by leaders in all countries were used as inspirational propaganda- the Times quoted Lloyd George as saying,the British soldier is a good sportsman [and] has fought as a good sportsman.All these methods swaying opinion were widely acknowledged, and on the whole effective in that they were subtle and well disguised.There was already a strong anti-German feeling in Britain by the time war had broken out, and this was strengthened by the stories of German atrocities that regularly filtered into the news. An example of this would be the propaganda coups that came after the sinking, by a German U-Boat, of the British liner the Luisitania whilst on a passage from New York. This was used as propaganda to persuade the USA to join the war, and to convince that the public that the Germans were barbarians as 1,198 civilians died. The more common stories of German barbarianism were mainly aimed at the middle classes to act as a justification to leave their secure lifestyles for the trenches. This propaganda stirred fear and hatred among the population and prepared them for the necessary sacrifices of war. There were posters and slogans issued specifically to dehumanize the enemy-Remember Scarborough!resolve to crush the German Barbarians. ENLIST NOW.These also appealed to the morals of the reader and played to their sense of patriotism. At the start of the war there were countless recruitment posters doing the same thing, and over half a million men had volunteered by the end of the first month. Slogans like the one below tried to make it seem that it wasnt only the army who wanted the men to join up:Women of Britain say GO!Even if such a huge campaign hadnt been launched, I believe the same amount of men would have still joined up. This is because there was a very high level of unemployment at the start of the war, and the army paid comparatively high wages. Since the wartime conditions were so overstated, it appealed to the unemployed working class. Another issue that highlighted the inefficacy of the recruitment plan was the introduction of conscription in 1916. The numbers of men volunteering began to dwindle, ironically, at the time the army most needed them. They had not expected such a high percentage of deaths, so had to introduce conscription. Another reason for this introduction was the fact that the volunteer system was damaging Britains agriculture and industry. Obviously, the propaganda was only affecting one class of society.Due to the nature of propaganda, one can never be completely sure of how far its success actually spread, and how much it affected the individual. On the surface, the Great War propaganda seemed to fulfil its aim, but taking a closer look the system seems to have been somewhat flawed.Q2. Study Source A. How useful is this source to a historian studying recruitment to the army at the start of the First World War?Source A is an extract from a novel by John Harris, and it talks of a recruitment effort, taking place before the showing of a film in August 1914. In order to establish the utility of this source to a historian, we must consider key issues surrounding the source.Firstly, the fact that the extract is taken from a novel indicates that it is almost certainly a work of fiction and if not, then based upon embroidered truth. Secondly, the novel was published in 1961, over 40 years after the period in which the events are set. But these factors, in my opinion, do not diminish the sources utility, as it is clear that the author has fully researched and explored the period because there are a number of accurate historical references within the text. For example, he refers to Kitcheners volunteers and the boys of the Bulldog breed among other things. I can also back up the sources benefit from my own knowledge, as I know that this method of recruitment was actually used at this time in the Great War. The best-remembered example this has to be the case of the Accrington Pals. They are, almost certainly, the most famous of the battalions formed in the early months of the war. They volunteered in response to Kitcheners call for a volunteer army, and a large group of friends and neighbours from both Accrington and neighbouring towns, enlisted together to form a battalion with a distinctively local identity.I believe that despite the fact that this is a work of fiction, and th e discrepancy of time, that this source would genuinely be useful to a historian studying the era. The account given, even though a work of the imagination, rings true as the not only the references, but the descriptions fit the feelings of the public and the events of the time.Q3. The most important aim of wartime propaganda was to encourage hatred of the enemy. Is there sufficient evidence in Sources A-F to support this interpretation?Propaganda is the manipulation of information to influence public opinion. This manipulation took many forms at the time of the Great War and was used in an attempt to influence individuals while leading each one to believe that his response was his own decision.Source C is obviously a source that is taking enemy demonisation to its limits. It shows the Kaiser standing over the crumpled heaps of a women and child, holding a smoking gun in his hand. Behind him is a scene of utter devastation, and he stands proud in the centre of it with his chest out and his flag high. Beneath the cartoon is the ironic caption- The triumph of culture.This cartoon is by the celebrated Great War cartoonist, Bernard Partridge, and was published whilst the war was in its very earliest days in August 1914. The cartoon evidently has the intention of encouraging hatred of the enemy, and exaggerating his ruthlessness. I believe the cartoon is exaggerating the state of affairs, not only for public benefit, but also because on the day that this cartoon was published, the war was still only 20 days old.Anti-German propaganda not only fuelled support for the war, but it also contributed to intolerance on the home front. Other effective strategies for the demonisation of the Germans were the uses of both leaflets and atrocity stories, and these strategies were widely used. The most famous of example of the latter was the story of the German factory, which supposedly made soap from boiled up corpses.Source C is not the only aspect of useful wartime propaganda represented within the sources however. Demonisation of the enemy infact only constituted a small proportion of the propaganda scheme as a whole, since it was mostly aimed at the middle classes. It acted as a justification to leave the comfort of their lifestyle for the harsh reality of war.Both sources A and B are for the promotion and encouragement of Recruitment. Source A is an extract from a novel set in August of 1914. The narrator is talking of the extreme feelings of enthusiasm evoked by the small gestures of 3 cheers for the King, and singing patriotic songs. The public pride was used as the theme for many recruitment efforts. By the middle of September 1914, over 500,000 men had volunteered their services and they formed the basis of Kitcheners volunteer army. Speeches, leaflets, and especially posters were produced to help the recruitment campaign. There was even a campaign to get women to join the land army, and the nursing corps. These forms of recruitment propaganda we re crucial and the 2 sources illustrate this.Source B is an article from a local newspaper, and it is informing a community that one of their young men had performed a particularly gallant act on behalf of his country. This article is plays on the pride of the families when a son or brother goes off to war. The locality of this piece of propaganda makes it all the more effective and powerful.Other forms of Propaganda represented in the sources include Patriotism and Censorship. These two varieties of propaganda are closely linked. This is because the morale of the public back home was very important in the Great War, as they needed to feel pride and confidence in the British army. This is where censorship comes in. The soldiers needed the faith of the population back home and so the government protected the public from the more horrific aspects of war through Censorship.Promoting patriotism constituted the greatest part of the propaganda effort, with speeches and films made especial ly to maintain the public faith and encourage pride. Many posters and newspaper articles were released to persuade people to Be Patriotic and to save food among other things. Both Sources E and B are promoting patriotism. Source B is on a local level, informing the local parish of a gallant deed performed by a young man from their neighbourhood. On the other hand, Source F is patriotism on a national level; it is an account of the Battle of the Somme published in a national newspaper. It is a very sanitised account of this dreadful battle, and it is giving the population pride in the bravery of their soldiers. The article is not out-rightly lying; it is only leaving out the horrific details and emotions of war.Source F, when cross-referenced with Source E, shows Censorship. Censorship was a vital form of government propaganda, as was discovered at the start of the war. When footage of what life was like for the soldiers on the front line was shown, the public reaction was one of hys teria. The reporter in Source F is saying how his reports do not tell the whole truth, as the public could not handle the reality and the pain felt by all those who had lost relatives. Another form of Censorship was the ban on film for private cameras. The government decided that no images of the conditions of the western front must reach the people at home.Not all government propaganda was issued to encourage support of the war; some articles and letters were printed by pacifists and religious groups persuading the population to abstain from war. This type of propaganda is shown in Source D, which states the views of the Independent Labour Party, who were a socialist party. They believe that the values of socialism transcend all war, and goes against the fundamentals of socialism. This Manifesto on the War was printed on the 11th August 1914, only a matter of days after war was declared. The socialists were making their position very clear.This collection of sources demonstrates th e wide range of forms propaganda took during the Great War. Although demonisation of the enemy played an important role in the Propaganda scheme, the information given in the sources does not support the belief that it was the most important. All evidence considered, only one of the sources shows support for this belief.

Glider 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glider 3 - Assignment Example The glider fuselage has a rounded nose and sleek thus allowing easy flow of air can flow efficiently around it. The feature is also enhanced by the presence of the tapered body of the fuselage (Yechout & Morris, 2003). The wing design for the glider represents intrinsic part of the glider. It has various arrangements of braces, ribs, edges and many other parts designed to strengthen the wing part of the glider. The glider wing has planform exhibiting high aspect ratio, variable and tapered aerofoil shape. The wing allows for straight model of sweeping by entailing wing motion through the right angles to anticipated line of flight. The selection of the type of the glider wing focuses on allowing of low-speed design. The wings provide essential lift force, and therefore is most imperative lift-producing element of the glider (Yechout & Morris, 2003). The four spars mainly provide the lateral strength for the wing. Ribs are attached to the spars to complete the structural parts. There is a rising angle is called the dihedral which aids in keeping the airplane from rolling suddenly while on flight. AOI or the angle at which the wing is linked to the fuselage is mainly 5o. The wings have variable b and c features on it. The empennage has rudder, vertical stabilizer, engine pylon, elevator and horizontal adjustable stabilizer as the main typical parts. There is well designed to provide stability and enhanced control for the glider. The main two parts entailing the empennage includes vertical stabilizer otherwise called fin on which the rudder is normally attached. There is another segment called horizontal stabilizer on which the elevators are conventionally attached. The typical stabilizers facilitate proper pointing of the glider to the wind as normally, when the tail section of the glider swing to any side, the wind thrust against the tail sides and surfaces. This action maintains the proper place of the

Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

Capstone - Essay Example This paper also provides information concerning the ethical values of the company, and how it affects the organizations bottom line. Northrop Grumman is an American Multi-national company, specializing in the production of defense and aerospace facilities/ products. The company began its operations in 1994, through an acquisition of Northrop by Grumman. As of the year 2010, this company was voted as the fourth largest defense contractor in the world, and it employs more than 68,000 employees all over the world. The mission of the company is to be a leader in the production of defense and aeronautical technology. The mission of the company is also to satisfy the various needs of its customers through delivery and innovating high quality technological products, which are affordable (Hayden, Campbell and Cummins, 2010). The vision of the company on the other hand is to be a trusted and reliable supplier and producer of technologies and systems capable of protecting the country. To achieve this objective, the company aims to observe ethical values that guide defense contracting, promote innovation and collaboration a mongst its employees and key stakeholders. The key stakeholders of Northrop Grumman are share holders, suppliers, employees, and the company’s customers, which are always security institutions of America, and American allies. These people have an impact on the general performance of the company; this is because the company aims at achieving profitability for purposes of satisfying its shareholders and customers (Hayden, Campbell and Cummins, 2010). The company also seeks to produce high quality defense technologies, for purposes of protecting the country and satisfying the needs of its customers. Production of high quality defense technology is part and parcel of the organization’s mission and vision, and hence the employees of the

The Dammed Human Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Dammed Human Race - Essay Example Hence, I disagree with Twain’s view because I believe that humans are superior to all animals because only men save money and food to prepare for the emergencies and only they have moral sense to use it for good and prevent wrong actions. Since, brutality and combativeness that form the basis of the criticism are seen in a few human beings’ behavior, humans cannot be graded as the lowest level animals. I believe that humans are the most superior animals firstly because the most distinguishing feature of humans is their prudence and their ability to preplan by accumulating money and food to prepare for the future use. Mark Twain argues that men save more money and food even if they have enough provisions because they are avaricious and greedy, while others are satisfied as long as their daily requirements are fulfilled. In one of his experiments, Twain gave wild and tame animals an opportunity to store vast amount of food but none of the animals stored food. He states th at these animals do not store food because they are not avaricious and miserly. However, animals do not store food like men because wild animals obtain food from the nature and tame animals are fed by humans. They do not need to store food. If animals cultivated their own food, they would have responded differently.

Strategies for Diversification

Strategies for Diversification INTRODUCTION The Fine idea also known as Fine stationery is a Pvt ltd. Company which was started in the year 1995 by Mr. Kalpesh.S.Patel with the capital of Rs.50,000/- and he is the CEO and chairperson of the firm. They provide printing services and are Manufacturers License of Disney products. Fine Ideas is manufacturer of stationary, print promotion, table mats, mouse pads, packaging, brochures and pamphlet, design items. It is a company along with acting as supplier from Mumbai. The company also gives ideas and concepts for promotional activities. The company runs smoothly and hardly faces any problems. Recently they faced a problem of decrease in sales. They are willing for diversification of their products, to increase their sales. Should they go for diversification of their products to increase their sales or would it be too risky? This led me to come up with a research question Should FINE IDEAS consider diversification of their products to increase their sales? With the help of primary research and secondary information collected, I used Ansoff Matrix to find the solution to the problem. The main reason for the decrease in sale is an increase in competition. The company is not strong enough to face challenges laid down by competitors. The research will suggest an alternate path of diversification which if company chooses will be worth its survival in the market. If the company does not come up with quick and appropriate decision then it will have to suffer heavy loss. The research will analyze the position of the company in the market. The result found after analysing the prevailing market conditions and the companys problems is that the firm should consider diversification of their products to come out of this problem of decrease in sales and to re-attain its forecasted sales. FINDINGS Diversification is part of the four main marketing strategies defined by the Product/Market Ansoff matrix: http://www.easilyinteractive.com/blog/uploaded_images/ansoff-779433.jpg Fine ideas pointed out that a diversification strategy stands apart from the other three strategies. The first three strategies are usually pursued with the same technical, financial, and merchandising resources used for the original product line, whereas diversification usually requires a company to acquire new skills, new techniques and new facilities which can be provided by Fine Ideas. The notion of diversification depends on the subjective interpretation of new market and new product, which should reflect the perceptions of their customers. The strategies of diversification can include internal development of Fine Ideas, acquisition of a firm, alliance with a complementary company, licensing of new technologies, and distributing or importing few products manufactured by another firm. Generally, the final strategy involves a combination of these options. This combination is determined in function of available opportunities and consistency with the objectives and the resources of the Fine Ideas. Rationale of diversification There are two dimensions of rationale for diversification. The first one relates to the nature of the strategic objective: diversification may be defensive or offensive. Defensive reasons may be spreading the risk of market contraction, or being forced to diversify when current product or current market orientation seems to provide no further opportunities for growth. Offensive reasons may be conquering new positions, taking opportunities that promise greater profitability than expansion opportunities, or using retained cash that exceeds total expansion needs. The second dimension involves the expected outcomes of diversification: management may expect great economic value or first and foremost great coherence and complementary to their current activities. In addition, companies may also explore diversification just to get a valuable comparison between this strategy and expansion. Factors of Risk involved for Fine Ideas to Diversify. Diversification is the riskiest of the four strategies presented in the Ansoff matrix and requires the most careful investigation for Fine Ideas. Going into an unknown market with an unfamiliar product offering means a lack of experience in the new skills and techniques required. Therefore, they will put themselves in a great uncertainty. Moreover, diversification might necessitate significant expanding of human and financial resources, which may distracts focus, commitment and sustained investments for the Fine Ideas. Therefore they should choose this option only when the current product or current market orientation does not offer further opportunities for growth. In order to measure the chances of success, Fine Ideas can also perform different tests like the attractiveness test, the cost-of-entry test and the better-off test. Because of the high risks Fine Ideas, may led to failure while attempting to diversify. However, there are a few good examples of successful diversification like Walt Disney moved from producing animated movies to theme parks. Companies like Fine Ideas diversify for a host of reasons. In some cases, its a survival strategy. For instance, if the company makes the bulk of its sales at a particular time of year, it makes sense to consider diversification. However, there are plenty of other good reasons for diversification, not least by extending your range of goods or services you can either sell more products to your existing customers or reach out to new markets. This can supercharge the growth prospects of Fine Ideas. And perhaps the biggest reason for doing it is to extend a brand reputation into other markets, with the knowledge that making your business bigger than ever imagined. ANALYSIS OF THE FINDINGS The analysis was done by discussing with the owner of the firm about the fall in demand of sales over the time. It was not possible to find the accurate decrease in sales because their firm was only the supplier and the goods then go in the godown of the marketing firm from where the goods were supplied to the retailers and wholesalers. Due to decrease in demand for the existing goods by the people, the goods were logged into the godown of the marketing sector and so they were not accepting the goods coming from the Fine Ideas as they already have stock with them. Henceforth with this analysis of the situation it is clearly pictured that is a decrease in sales for the company. The discussions took place in a positive manner as the current status proved that it was favourable and appropriate for the company to go for diversification as that was the easiest way out the problem faced by them. Following topic goes out of my assessment but I would like to mention that they have already put their thought and efforts in diversifying their products in some or the other way by starting their new business names as Facetoons which is a similar kind of printing firm but they provide print on mugs, plates, shirts and many more and therefore the business is growing rapidly because of the increasing demand of their new idea. This instance itself proves that it is very essential for them to start to diversify their products but they should not completely close down Fine Ideas because that is their image and reputation in market so they should work under the shade of Fine Ideas. Fine ideas had been discussing that business strategies expand the scope of reaching goal through diversification into their businesses But, under strict assumptions of risky markets, there is no obvious rational for the company to acquire another. Diversification is a promotion strategy and a form of corporate strategy which is advised for fine ideas. It seeks to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. Fine Ideas can diversify at the business unit level or at the corporate level. At the business unit level they are most likely to expand into a new segment and at the corporate level and it is also very interesting entering a promising business outside of the scope of their business unit. CONCLUSIONS Concluding by answering to my research question, FINE IDEAS should consider diversification of their products to increase their sales. When to diversify for Fine Ideas History tells us its not advisable to consider diversification until the core business is stable and profitable. If Fine Ideas are still struggling to win orders and build a sales time for the core product, there is a real danger that diversification will take your eye of the ball. The catalyst is often the realization that growth in the core business is either slowing or set to slow, often because the market for a particular product is becoming saturated. Diversification strategy for Fine Ideas Fine Ideas can diversify by natural progression. More radically, they extend the brand by offering a much wider range of products that will nonetheless appeal to the same customers. Alternatively, they can use the strength of brand to move into new markets. Another popular business diversification strategy is to look backwards and forwards along the supply chain for opportunities to tighten your grip on the market. For instance, in the recent past people had seen building societies buying estate agents and computer manufacturers buying resellers. In the US Google has busily acquired the leading web data analysis tools, online advertising companies and the social networks and sites that deliver what they unerringly know their users want. The cons for Fine Ideas The company can get a hope for the extended product life cycle. Diversification can put you on the fast track to growth but if the strategy fails it can also burn up money. Expanding the product range and even if turnover increases, the increase in costs could result in a slump in profits. Extend the brand into new markets and there is a danger that it will have no resonance with the newly targeted customers. Thus its vital to research new markets before diversifying. Fine ideas should also look carefully at their existing business. Do they have the right managers to cope with a divaricating strategy? Should they integrate the diversified business into one company or ring fence the new operation as a business in its own right? And is your organization strong enough to be an umbrella brand where your core values resonate across the group? They should think hard before Fine Ideas commit their finances and precious time. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.fineideas.in/ http://www.hotfrog.in/Companies/Fine-Ideas Hoang, Paul, Business and management, IBID Press, 2007 http://www.easilyinteractive.com/blog/uploaded_images/ansoff-779433.jpg

Alexander G. Bell :: essays research papers

April I87I Alexander Bell mooves ot Boston where again he teaches deaf people at the Clarke School for Deat Mutes, Boston Massachustets and also the American Asylum for the Death, Hartford Connecticut I873 Alexander Bell becomes a Professor of Elocution and Vocal Physiology for the University of Boston two of his death students will be of vital importance to the invention of the phone, having wealthy parents they get Alexander Bell into contact with people that have money to finance his invention Mabbel Hubbard, his future wife and daughter of the attorney Gardiner Green Hubbard George Sanders, son of Leather business man Thomas Sanders teacher Alexander Bell mai I874 Alexander Bell and ear doctor Clarence Blake experiment around the mechanics of the human ear. With the help of the phonautograph they want to represent the sound by graphics while shopping in Charles William's electrician shop in Boston Aleaxnder Bell meets a young electrician Thomas Watson in the summer Alexander Bell has an idea .... but how to make this funny idea work some money is necessary to finance the experiments luckily there was Mabel Hubbard ..... an idea: The Telegraph, using dot-and-dash Morse codes was limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Woudn't there be a possibility to transmit multiple messages at the same time over the same wire ? Alexander Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound gave him the idea to transmit multiple messages at the same time his 'harmonic Telegraph' was based on the Principle that several codes would be sent simoultaneously if notes and signals differed in pitch when Alexander Bell began experimenting the Telegraph, next to the Post was the current means of communication. Mabel convinces her father Gardiner Huddard to finance the experiment feb 27 I875 a business venture, Bell Patent Association is signed between Alexander Bell, Thomas Sanders and Gardiner G Hubbard experimenting, experimenting, experimenting and November 25 I875 a first result .... not the invention, but Alexander Bell and Mabel Hubbard get engaged .... and finally Bell's telephone patent is widely considered to be the most valuable patent ever issued it was followed by hundreds of legal suits Phonebook of the World was surprised to hear from a visitor of the Website that Philipp Reis had already presented a similar invention I5 years earlier october 26 I86I february I4 I876 in the US Patent Office a certain patent n ° I74 465 gets filed luckily it didn't take any longer imagine only 3 hours later ! Elisha Gray, a different inventor working completely independently files another pattern related to the telephone Alexander Bell's patent is accepted march 7 I876 assistant Thomas A Watson neither Alexander Bell's nor Elisha Gray's theories of the phone were working ... but only a month later march I0 I876 . Alexander G. Bell :: essays research papers April I87I Alexander Bell mooves ot Boston where again he teaches deaf people at the Clarke School for Deat Mutes, Boston Massachustets and also the American Asylum for the Death, Hartford Connecticut I873 Alexander Bell becomes a Professor of Elocution and Vocal Physiology for the University of Boston two of his death students will be of vital importance to the invention of the phone, having wealthy parents they get Alexander Bell into contact with people that have money to finance his invention Mabbel Hubbard, his future wife and daughter of the attorney Gardiner Green Hubbard George Sanders, son of Leather business man Thomas Sanders teacher Alexander Bell mai I874 Alexander Bell and ear doctor Clarence Blake experiment around the mechanics of the human ear. With the help of the phonautograph they want to represent the sound by graphics while shopping in Charles William's electrician shop in Boston Aleaxnder Bell meets a young electrician Thomas Watson in the summer Alexander Bell has an idea .... but how to make this funny idea work some money is necessary to finance the experiments luckily there was Mabel Hubbard ..... an idea: The Telegraph, using dot-and-dash Morse codes was limited to receiving and sending one message at a time. Woudn't there be a possibility to transmit multiple messages at the same time over the same wire ? Alexander Bell's extensive knowledge of the nature of sound gave him the idea to transmit multiple messages at the same time his 'harmonic Telegraph' was based on the Principle that several codes would be sent simoultaneously if notes and signals differed in pitch when Alexander Bell began experimenting the Telegraph, next to the Post was the current means of communication. Mabel convinces her father Gardiner Huddard to finance the experiment feb 27 I875 a business venture, Bell Patent Association is signed between Alexander Bell, Thomas Sanders and Gardiner G Hubbard experimenting, experimenting, experimenting and November 25 I875 a first result .... not the invention, but Alexander Bell and Mabel Hubbard get engaged .... and finally Bell's telephone patent is widely considered to be the most valuable patent ever issued it was followed by hundreds of legal suits Phonebook of the World was surprised to hear from a visitor of the Website that Philipp Reis had already presented a similar invention I5 years earlier october 26 I86I february I4 I876 in the US Patent Office a certain patent n ° I74 465 gets filed luckily it didn't take any longer imagine only 3 hours later ! Elisha Gray, a different inventor working completely independently files another pattern related to the telephone Alexander Bell's patent is accepted march 7 I876 assistant Thomas A Watson neither Alexander Bell's nor Elisha Gray's theories of the phone were working ... but only a month later march I0 I876 .

Group Progression in Society Essay

The pressures of society force humans into groups, whether to change something, unite, or to feel a sense of belonging. Nonetheless, it can be difficult to find what groups you may fit into and these groups can change as you transform into a more critical thinker. Studs Terkel tells the story a of Ku Klux Klan member turned school board activist, C.P. Ellis, in his essay, â€Å"C.P. Ellis.† Ellis’ struggles and realizations prove what critical thinking and self-examination can do. Mike Rose’s essay, â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average† also displays the importance of growing through groups and how changing mental habits can help transform one into a more efficient critical thinker, therefore allowing one to surpass the cultural myths placed upon them. Gary Colombo enlightens readers by defining and giving advice on how to transform oneself into a critical thinker in his essay, â€Å"Thinking Critically, Challenging Cultural Myths†. Colombo argues that by thinking critically and challenging the norms of our society we can fight to be the people we truly want to be. Humans form into groups subconsciously as well as consciously. Consequently, these groups we cast ourselves into are the very things that can hold us back from becoming true individuals. By reexamining old ways and becoming active critical thinkers, members of society can participate in groups in a manner which will allow them to grow intellectually and outlast the cultural myths that is society has placed upon them. Groups have a large impact on society since they are constructed to allow humans to do more than they would be able to as mere individuals. However, groups can often hinder the thought process of individuals and may cause people to settle for less than what they are actually capable of. The â€Å"cultural myth† of belonging in society can cause individuals to become immersed in a group’s ideas wholly instead of blending them with their own beliefs. Ellis recalls when his former Klansmen called him after he started working for integration on the school board with Ann Atwater, African American women. â€Å"My old friends would call me at night: ‘C.P, what the hell is wrong with you? You’re selling out the white race.’ This begin to make me have guilt feelin’s. [. . .] My mind was beginnin’ to open up. I was beginnin’ to see what was right and what was wrong. I don’t want the kids to fight forever† (405). Had Ellis remained a narrow-minded member of the Ku Klux Klan his judgments and perceptions would have continued to be overly influenced by the Klan’s extremist beliefs. By expanding his mind Ellis was able to work on non-Klan related issues and overcome his racist tendencies thus transforming him into a more independent thinker. Critical thinking such as this is essential in being able to think independently opposed to being over powered by a group’s point of view and opinions. Colombo defines critical thinking as â€Å"a matter of dialogue and debate – discovering relationships between apparently unrelated ideas, finding parallels between your own experiences and the ideas you read about, exploring points of agreement and conflict between yourself and other people† (9). By applying these skills Ellis talked through the issues on the school board and reexamined his relationship with Ms. Atwater which in turn matured his critical thinking abilities. These critical mental skills will enable one to choose which groups they truly belong to instead of merely becoming a drone in order to fulfill their own senses of belonging. However, not all group enrollment and involvement is by the choice of its members. Some are pieced together by members whose superiors have placed them in said groups. In some cases, placement into these groups can impede on the development of critical and independent thinking. Mike Rose’s unjust placement into his school’s vocational is a prime example of this forced-group hindrance. Colombo states that â€Å"[c]ultural myths become so closely identified with our personal beliefs that rereading them means rereading ourselves, rethinking the way we see the world. Questioning long-held assumptions can be an exhilarating experience, but it can be distressing too† (8). By rethinking the groups’ society places us in we can gain a better understanding of ourselves as well as a better perception of the cultural myths that hold our true identities down. Rose tells about that the defenses mechanisms that he and his classmates built up to deal with the below average, self-image that the vocational track gave them, â€Å"[they] to twist the knife in [their] own grey matter† in order to stand up to the mental wear-and-tear of the vocational schooling process. Rose delves further into this process: You’ll have to shut down, have to reject intellectual stimuli or diffuse them with sarcasm, have to cultivate stupidity, have to convert boredom from a malady into a way of confronting the world. Keep your vocabulary simple, act stoned when you’re not or act more stoned than you are, flaunt ignorance, materialize your dreams. It is a powerful and effective defense – it neutralizes the insult and the frustration of being a vocati onal kid. (Rose 162) Defenses like the ones used in Rose’s essay cause individuals to do the bare minimum and do not allow individuals to grow within the group but rather the opposite; it stunts their identities and makes them complacent rather than questioning the world around causing a lack of internal expansion. By questioning the cultural myths of society and expanding the mind to think more critically individuals will be able to broaden their intellectual and social horizons. Ellis reminiscences at the end of the essay about his person growth by saying that â€Å"our troubles are over with. They say the older you get, the harder it is for you to change. Since I changed, I’ve set down and listened to tapes of Martin Luther King. I listen to it and tears come to my eyes’ cause I know what he’s sayin’ now. I know what’s happenin’† (408). By progressing through groups (the Ku Klux Klan and school board) Ellis was able to become a critical thinker and overcome the many cultural myths of his life. Similarly, Rose progressed to become a critical thinker. By going from vocational track to college prep, Rose was forced to reassess his self in order to become the type of student and person he wanted to be upon entering college prep. â€Å"I’d been mediocre for too long and enjoyed a public redefinition. And I suppose the inner workings of my mind, such as they were, had been private for too long† says Rose on regards to his switch and achievement in college prep (166). Both of these experiences show that by reevaluating the cultural myths in society and growing through different groups individuals can become critical thinkers and redefine themselves as the people they want to be. Society is filled with cultural myths and pre-assigned groups for its members. Only by overcoming these myths and growing intellectually can individuals become who they want to be rather than what society decrees them to. The experiences of Rose and Terkel show what critical thinking and group progression can do to one’s true self. Since Colombo defines critical thinking in his essay, the two experiences of Rose and Terkel allow the idea to be brought to life and put his work into context. Upon building critical thinking skills and experiencing group progression throughout life, individuals will be able to gain a multifaceted understanding of their true selves. This understanding will allow individuals to delve into the critical thinking and lead them to constantly challenge the world and groups around them. Works Citied Colombo, Gary. â€Å"Thinking Challenging Critically, Cultural Myths.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Eds. Colombo, G., Cullen, R., and Lisle, B. Boston: Bedfortd/St. Martin’s, 2010. 1-15. Print. Rose, Mike. â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Eds. Colombo, G., Cullen, R., and Lisle, B. Boston: Bedfortd/St. Martin’s, 2010. 157-169. Print. Terkel, Studs. â€Å"â€Å"C.P. Ellis.†.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Eds. Colombo, G., Cullen, R., and Lisle, B. Boston: Bedfortd/St. Martin’s,

The eNotes Blog 25 Graduation Caps for BookLovers

25 Graduation Caps for BookLovers It’s officially graduation season! Seniors are finishing up finals, collecting their caps and gowns, and bidding farewell to their home away from home. Students are preparing for the bittersweet occasion by decorating their caps before strutting across the stage. The tradition of decorating graduation caps is sort of like the final extra-credit project for students seeking one last chance to leave their mark on the pomp and circumstance. Whether the message is heartfelt or humorous, it’s an opportunity to let your personality shine in the sea of spring commencement. Here are our 25 favorite #GradCapInspo designs for book lovers. 1. The Crafty Optimist 2. The Fitzgerald Fan 3. An Ode to Adventure 4. The Future Librarian 5. Preparing for Flight   6. The Winters Tale in Spring    7. The Next Chapter 8. Interest is Coming 9. Last Piece of Advice 10. The Harry Potter Posse   11. A Walking Song 12. For the Bookworm 13. The Opening Statement   14. Winnie the Pooh Wisdom 15. For the Poets 16. Finding Your Fairytale 17. Where the Sidewalk Ends 18. For The Outsiders 19. Shoutout to Shakespeare 20. Looking for Alaska 21. The Great Detective 22. For The Hogwarts Rejects   23. All that is gold does not glitter   24. The Real Hunger Games 25. Embracing the Future Graduation is undoubtedly bittersweet. While one chapter is coming to a close, a new one is just beginning. So for all you grads gearing up for your final walk across the stage, best of luck! We hope your tassel was worth the hassle. (All images via Pinterest) (Featured Image via Unsplash)

Major General John Stark in the American Revolution

Major General John Stark in the American Revolution The son of Scottish immigrant Archibald Stark, John Stark was born at Nutfield (Londonderry), New Hampshire on August 28, 1728. The second of four sons, he moved with his family to Derryfield (Manchester) at age eight. Educated locally, Stark learned frontier skills such as lumbering, farming, trapping, and hunting from his father. He first came to prominence in April 1752 when he, his brother William, David Stinson, and Amos Eastman embarked on a hunting trip along the Baker River. Abenaki Captive During the course of the trip, the party was attacked by a group of Abenaki warriors. While Stinson was killed, Stark fought the Native Americans allowing William to escape. When the dust settled, Stark and Eastman were taken prisoner and forced to return with the Abenaki. While there, Stark was made to run a gauntlet of warriors armed with sticks. In the course of this trial, he grabbed a stick from an Abenaki warrior and commenced attacking him. This spirited action impressed the chief and after demonstrating his wilderness skills, Stark was adopted into the tribe.   Remaining with the Abenaki for part of the year, Stark studied their customs and ways. Eastman and Stark were later ransomed by a party sent from Fort No. 4 in Charlestown, NH. The cost of their release was $103 Spanish dollars for Stark and $60 for Eastman. After returning home, Stark planned a trip to explore the headwaters of the Androscoggin River the following year in an attempt to raise money to offset the cost of his release. Successfully completing this endeavor, he was selected by the General Court of New Hampshire to lead an expedition to explore the frontier. This moved forward in 1754 after word was received that the French were building a fort in northwest New Hampshire. Directed to protest this invasion, Stark and thirty men departed for the wilderness. Though they did find any French forces, they did explore the upper reaches of the Connecticut River. French Indian War With the beginning of the French Indian War in 1754, Stark began to contemplate military service. Two years later he joined Rogers Rangers as a lieutenant. An elite light infantry force, the Rangers performed scouting and special missions in support of British operations on the northern frontier. In January 1757, Stark played a key role at the Battle on Snowshoes near Fort Carillon. Having been ambushed, his men established a defensive line on a rise and provided cover while the rest of Rogers command retreated and joined their position. With the battle going against the rangers, Stark was sent south through heavy snow to bring reinforcements from Fort William Henry. The following year, the rangers took part in the opening stages of the Battle of Carillon. Briefly returning home in 1758 following his fathers death, Stark began courting Elizabeth Molly Page. The two were married on August 20, 1758 and ultimately had eleven children. The following year, Major General Jeffery Amherst ordered the rangers to mount a raid against the Abenaki settlement of St. Francis which had long been a base for raids against the frontier. As Stark had adopted family from his captivity in the village he excused himself from the attack. Leaving the unit in 1760, he returned to New Hampshire with the rank of captain. Peacetime Settling in Derryfield with Molly, Stark returned to peacetime pursuits. This saw him acquire a substantial estate in New Hampshire. His business efforts were soon hampered by a variety of new taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, which quickly brought the colonies and London into conflict. With the passage of the Intolerable Acts in 1774 and occupation of Boston, the situation reached a critical level. The American Revolution Begins Following the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775 and the start of the American Revolution, Stark returned to military service. Accepting the colonelcy of the 1st New Hampshire Regiment on April 23, he quickly mustered his men and marched south to join the Siege of Boston. Establishing his headquarters in Medford, MA, his men joined thousands of other militiamen from around New England in blockading the city. On the night of June 16, American troops, fearing a British thrust against Cambridge, moved onto the Charlestown Peninsula and fortified Breeds Hill. This force, led by Colonel William Prescott, came under attack the next morning during the Battle of Bunker Hill. With British forces, led by Major General William Howe, preparing to attack, Prescott called for reinforcements. Responding to this call, Stark and Colonel James Reed rushed to the scene with their regiments. Arriving, a thankful Prescott gave Stark the latitude to deploy his men as he saw fit. Assessing the terrain, Stark formed his men behind a rail fence to the north of Prescotts redoubt on top of the hill. From this position, they repulsed several British attacks and inflicted heavy losses on Howes men. As Prescotts position faltered as his men ran out of ammunition, Starks regiment provided cover as they withdrew from the peninsula. When General George Washington arrived a few weeks later, he was quickly impressed with Stark. Continental Army In early 1776, Stark and his regiment were accepted into the Continental Army as the 5th Continental Regiment. Following the fall of Boston that March, it moved south with Washingtons army to New York. After aiding in bolstering the citys defenses, Stark received orders to take his regiment north to reinforce the American army that was retreating from Canada. Remaining in northern New York for much of the year, he returned south in December and rejoined Washington along the Delaware. Reinforcing Washingtons battered army, Stark took part in the morale-boosting victories at Trenton and Princeton later that month and in early January 1777. At the former, his men, serving in Major General John Sullivans division, launched a bayonet charge at the Knyphausen regiment and broke their resistance. With the conclusion of the campaign, the army moved into winter quarters at Morristown, NJ and much of Starks regiment departed as their enlistments were expiring. Controversy To replace the departed men, Washington asked Stark to return to New Hampshire to recruit additional forces. Agreeing, he left for home and began enlisting fresh troops. During this time, Stark learned that a fellow New Hampshire colonel, Enoch Poor, had been promoted to brigadier general. Having been passed over for promotion in the past, he was incensed as he believed Poor was a weak commander and lacked a successful record on the battlefield. In the wake of Poors promotion, Stark immediately resigned from the Continental Army though he indicated that he would serve again if New Hampshire was threatened. That summer, he accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the New Hampshire militia, but stated that he would only take the position if he was not answerable to the Continental Army. As the year progressed, a new British threat appeared in the north as Major General John Burgoyne prepared to invade south from Canada via the Lake Champlain corridor. Bennington After assembling a force of around 1,500 men at Manchester, Stark received orders from Major General Benjamin Lincoln to move to Charlestown, NH before joining the main American army along the Hudson River. Refusing to obey the Continental officer, Stark instead began operating against the rear of Burgoynes invading British army. In August, Stark learned that a detachment of Hessians intended to raid Bennington, VT. Moving to intercept, he was reinforced by 350 men under Colonel Seth Warner. Attacking the enemy at the Battle of Bennington on August 16, Stark badly mauled the Hessians and inflicted over fifty percent casualties on the enemy. The victory at Bennington boosted American morale in the region and contributed to key triumph at Saratoga later that fall. Promotion At Last For his efforts at Bennington, Stark accepted reinstatement into the Continental Army with the rank of brigadier general on October 4, 1777. In this role, he served intermittently as commander of the Northern Department as well as with Washingtons army around New York. In June 1780, Stark took part in the Battle of Springfield which saw Major General Nathanael Greene hold off a large British attack in New Jersey. Later that year, he sat on Greenes board of inquiry which investigated the betrayal of Major General Benedict Arnold and convicted British spy Major John Andre. With the end of the war in 1783, Stark was called to Washingtons headquarters where he was personally thanked for his service and given a brevet promotion to major general. Returning to New Hampshire, Stark retired from public life and pursued farming and business interests. In 1809, he declined an invitation to attend a reunion of Bennington veterans due to ill health. Though unable to travel, he sent a toast to be read at the event which stated, Live free or die: Death is not the worst of evils. The first part, Live Free or Die, was later adopted as the state motto of New Hampshire. Living to the age of 94, Stark died on May 8, 1822 and was buried in Manchester.

Explanatory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explanatory - Essay Example The game of volleyball has a history of more than 119 years as the game was first developed during the period of 1895 by an individual named William G. Morgan who is an American (Zartman 2). The game was developed in order to substitute the game for the sport of basketball; as basketball was considered as a more violent game. Furthermore, basketball was considered physically harmful for the middle aged individuals who were members with the YMCA. The game has altered from what it was like when it was first developed. The first development was the introduction of a new ball, especially designed for the game during the year of 1900 (Zartman 4). Six years later, the game started becoming offensive in nature with the introduction of the set and spike method of transferring the ball from one end of the court to the other end was developed (Zartman 34). From this period onwards, several changes to the game were made and to regulate these changes the formation of the United States Volleyball Association took place during the period of 1928 and since then the game started becoming popular amongst the masses (Zartman 1992). After a period of 36 years, the game became so widely played that it was made part of the Olympics that took place in Tokyo (Zartman 188). The inclusion of the game in Olympics and the creation of regulatory body are signs that depict that the game is internationally recognized and has become quite common amongst the masses. The game of volleyball is quite difficult game to understand and play. It has several rules that help in achieving victory. The main rule in the game is that each team is only allowed to touch the ball three times when the ball is in their side of the court (Fivb.org 1). The members of the team can pass the ball with an underpass that is conducted with the help of the forearms or they can

Business law case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business law case study - Coursework Example The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD) was passed on May, 2005, and had to be executed by member countries into national law by June 12, 2007 and it was applicable by December 12, 2007. Nevertheless, some member countries – for example, the UK, Spain and Germany – were late in adapting this law. It is said that there are various forms of misleading information about advertising on the internet, but the main form is still associated with misleading pricing information. Clients have complained that some of the prices that firms put on their websites are not the actual prices they pay when they buy the product. Such a case was witnessed in Hillingdon Electricals Ltd (HEL) when they stated on their website that the price of iPads and Tablets were ?29 and ?19, respectively while the actual prices were ?290 and ?190 respectively. This matter brought up a lot of controversy to the organisation, where they ended up stating that it was due to human error. Some clients how visited the store demanded to be sold the gadgets on the prices advertised while others, who had bought the gadgets online went to the store to demand for refunds. This paper will discuss these issues and advice specific clients who were caught in this tussle on their next move. Scenario A – Tony and Ursula Under the Sale of Goods Act of 1979, there are a harsh set of regulations, which sellers and retailers are expected to abide by (Wallington, 2010). When someone purchases a good, it signifies that they have entered into an agreement or contract with the vendor of the good. Under the Sale of Goods Act also, goods should be described, fit the purpose and of satisfactory quality. Fitting the purposes signifies both their day to day use, as well as also any particular purpose, which the buyer agreed with the vendor (Kidner, 2012). For instance, a buyer might specifically request for a printer, which would be compatible with his/her computer. Products sold are also expected to fit nay sample they were show in-store or any explanation in the brochure. Also, the issue of pricing comes into play because there are cases where a client can buy a product online thinking that they paid the price stated on the website and that is not true (McCarthy, 2010). If you wish to claim for a refund under the Sale of Goods Act, then you have a couple possible ways of settling your issue, relying on the situation and what you wish to be done. The claimant’s rights are against the vendor – the organisation, which sold them the product – not the producer, and so they should make any claim not towards the manufacture, but against the retailer. Nevertheless, this act does not apply to products that a client has bought on hire purchase (HP). If someone buys a product, which turns out to be flawed, then they can opt to reject it. This means they can return it and get a full refund of their money (Slocombe, 2012). The word flawed was explained at the begin ning of this section, which also included pricing errors (Wallington, 2010). However, the law only grants you a logical period to do this – what is logical lays on the good and how clear the error is. But, even with complex items or considerable purchases, it is much safer to work with the basis that you normally have less than three to four weeks from the day you received the product to reject it (Kidner,

Personal Worldview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Worldview Paper - Essay Example Worldview is so much so important since it affects the preconceived notions of a person. It affects how the public think, act and move towards the society they are dwelling in. As a whole, worldview affects the culture and the way of life of the people who believed in it. Generally, worldview has a function of taking its effect towards the common mindset of the public and that it usually impose a culture and parameters for living. My nature of reality towards God is that I have been seeing him towards others. He exists in the people around me and touches their lives on a daily basis. God as whole is not a concept but a way of life, the concepts connected to the intricacies of the divine affect my view of the world. The nature of the world is good, its natural state is evil free and unstained. For me, the world has innate qualities of goodness; mainly because, it is governed by reasoning and thinking of the people living in it. That I firmly believe since reasoning is, I guess, the only one thing which separates man from savage animals and species. For me, being reasonable and having been able to think is the innate nature of humanity as compared to the other species living in the globe. Having said that, I would like to believe that the good qualities of men reside from their way of thinking and their way of using reason to do what is right and eventually separate evil from the good. Well, honestly speaking I have known about God through others, seeing God in their midst. As I was saying before, I am seeing God through the eyes of the people revolving around me, through what they do and project towards me. I experience him in my midst, which is why I can tell I have known him. Knowing God to exist in my surroundings, I discover my world. I have discovered that among people who trust God, there is goodness and truthful reality. As compared to when I have close encounters with people

Nurture Your Childs Self-Esteem Essay Example for Free

Nurture Your Childs Self-Esteem Essay Kids start developing their sense of self as babies when they see themselves through their parents eyes. Your tone of voice, your body language, and your every expression are absorbed by your kids. Your words and actions as a parent affect their developing self-esteem more than anything else. Praising accomplishments, however small, will make them feel proud; letting kids do things independently will make them feel capable and strong. By contrast, belittling comments or comparing a child unfavorably with another will make kids feel worthless. Avoid making loaded statements or using words as weapons. Comments like What a stupid thing to do! or You act more like a baby than your little brother! cause damage just as physical blows do. Choose your words carefully and be compassionate. Let your kids know that everyone makes mistakes and that you still love them, even when you dont love their behavior. Catch Kids Being Good Have you ever stopped to think about how many times you react negatively to your kids in a given day? You may find yourself criticizing far more often than complimenting. How would you feel about a boss who treated you with that much negative guidance, even if it was well intentioned? The more effective approach is to catch kids doing something right: You made your bed without being asked — thats terrific! or I was watching you play with your sister and you were very patient. These statements will do more to encourage good behavior over the long run than repeated scoldings. Make a point of finding something to praise every day. Be generous with rewards — your love, hugs, and compliments can work wonders and are often reward enough. Soon you will find you are growing more of the behavior you would like to see. Set Limits and Be Consistent With Your Discipline Discipline is necessary in every household. The goal of discipline is to help kids choose acceptable behaviors and learn self-control. They may test the limits you establish for them, but they need those limits to grow into responsible adults. Establishing house rules helps kids understand your expectations and develop self-control. Some rules might include: no TV untilhomework is done, and no hitting, name-calling, or hurtful teasing allowed. You might want to have a system in place: one warning, followed by consequences such as a time out or loss of privileges. A common mistake parents make is failure to follow through with the consequences. You cant discipline kids for talking back one day and ignore it the next. Being consistent teaches what you expect. Make Time for Your Kids Its often difficult for parents and kids to get together for a family meal, let alone spend quality time together. But there is probably nothing kids would like more. Get up 10 minutes earlier in the morning so you can eat breakfast with your child or leave the dishes in the sink and take a walk after dinner. Kids who arent getting the attention they want from their parents often act out or misbehave because theyre sure to be noticed that way. Many parents find it rewarding to schedule together time with their kids. Create a special night each week to be together and let your kids help decide how to spend the time. Look for other ways to connect — put a note or something special in your kids lunchbox. Adolescents seem to need less undivided attention from their parents than younger kids. Because there are fewer windows of opportunity for parents and teens to get together, parents should do their best to be available when their teen does express a desire to talk or participate in family activities. Attending concerts, games, and other events with your teen communicates caring and lets you get to know more about your child and his or her friends in important ways. Dont feel guilty if youre a working parent. It is the many little things you do — making popcorn, playing cards, window shopping — that kids will remember. Be a Good Role Model Young kids learn a lot about how to act by watching their parents. The younger they are, the more cues they take from you. Before you lash out or blow your top in front of your child, think about this: is that how you want your child to behave when angry? Be aware that youre constantly being observed by your kids. Studies have shown that children who hit usually have a role model for aggression at home. Model the traits you wish to cultivate in your kids: respect, friendliness, honesty, kindness, tolerance. Exhibit unselfish behavior. Do things for other people without expecting a reward. Express thanks and offer compliments. Above all, treat your kids the way you expect other people to treat you. Make Communication a Priority You cant expect kids to do everything simply because you, as a parent, say so. They want and deserve explanations as much as adults do. If we dont take time to explain, kids will begin to wonder about our values and motives and whether they have any basis. Parents who reason with their kids allow them to understand and learn in a nonjudgmental way. Make your expectations clear. If there is a problem, describe it, express your feelings, and invite your child to work on a solution with you. Be sure to include consequences. Make suggestions and offer choices. Be open to your childs suggestions as well. Negotiate. Kids who participate in decisions are more motivated to carry them out. Be Flexible and Willing to Adjust Your Parenting Style If you frequently feel let down by your childs behavior, perhaps you have unrealistic expectations. Parents who think in shoulds (for example, My kid should be potty-trained by now) might find it helpful to read up on the matter or to talk to other parents or child development specialists. Kids environments have an impact on their behavior, so you may be able to modify that behavior by changing the environment. If you find yourself constantly saying no to your 2-year-old, look for ways to restructure your surroundings so that fewer things are off-limits. This will cause less frustration for both of you. As your child changes, youll gradually have to change your parenting style. Chances are, what works with your child now wont work as well in a year or two. Teens tend to look less to their parents and more to their peers for role models. But continue to provide guidance, encouragement, and appropriate discipline while allowing your teen to earn more independence. And seize every available moment to make a connection! Show That Your Love Is Unconditional As a parent, youre responsible for correcting and guiding your kids. But how you express your corrective guidance makes all the difference in how a child receives it. When you have to confront your child, avoid blaming, criticizing, or fault-finding, which undermine self-esteem and can lead to resentment. Instead, strive to nurture and encourage, even when disciplining your kids. Make sure they know that although you want and expect better next time, your love is there no matter what. Know Your Own Needs and Limitations as a Parent Face it — you are an imperfect parent. You have strengths and weaknesses as a family leader. Recognize your abilities — I am loving and dedicated. Vow to work on your weaknesses — I need to be more consistent with discipline. Try to have realistic expectations for yourself, your spouse, and your kids. You dont have to have all the answers — be forgiving of yourself. And try to make parenting a manageable job. Focus on the areas that need the most attention rather than trying to address everything all at once. Admit it when youre burned out. Take time out from parenting to do things that will make you happy as a person (or as a couple). Focusing on your needs does not make you selfish. It simply means you care about your own well-being, which is another important value to model for your children.